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Bio-based Materials in the Circular Economy

Published on 1 July 2019

Publication

A CSTC article discussing how using bio-based materials (from plants or animals) fits into a circular economy approach in construction. It covers benefits (renewability, temporary CO₂ storage) and challenges (transport impact, durability) while emphasizing the need for a holistic environmental assessment (life-cycle, toxicity, certification).

    This CSTC article highlights the role of bio-based materials (wood, straw, hemp, cellulose, etc.) in circular construction, noting that using renewable feedstocks alone does not necessarily guarantee a low environmental impact. Key insights:

    • Holistic environmental impact

      • Bio-based materials can sequester carbon during plant growth, but the entire life cycle (cultivation, transport, processing) must be examined.

      • Factors like fine particle emissions and energy consumption (e.g., for drying or long-distance transport) can offset climate benefits.

    • Sustainable production and sourcing

      • Encourage responsible forestry (FSC, PEFC) or agricultural by-products (straw, paper waste) to mitigate concerns over land-use competition and maximize waste valorization.

      • Avoid excessive transportation (especially by air) which can negate environmental advantages.

    • Material selection and usage

      • Many “bio-based” construction products contain binders, adhesives, or fire retardants, potentially increasing toxicity or overall footprint. Choosing low-VOC or eco-labeled products is advised.

      • Bio-based products should be suited to the application, durable, and preferably easy to dismantle for circularity. Compostability depends on mixing with non-bio-based components.

      • The infrastructure for recycling/composting bio-based materials remains underdeveloped.

    • Future outlook

      • Bio-based solutions can store carbon and reduce reliance on fossil resources, thereby supporting circular strategies.

      • However, careful life-cycle assessments and quality standards are essential. Using bio-based materials is a strong but not exclusive solution to reduce the construction sector’s environmental footprint.

    To learn more